Table 1. Sample characteristics of age, gender and medication use.

	Control (n = 20)	Cervical (n = 13)	Lumbar (n = 20)	Total (n = 53)
Age
18–20	2 (4%)	0 (0%)	1 (%)	3 (6%)
21–25	3 (6%)	2 (4%)	4 (8%)	9 (17%)
26–30	2 (4%)	1 (2%)	2 (4%)	5 (9%)
31–35	3 (6%)	1 (2%)	1 (2%)	5 (9%)
36–40	1 (2%)	6 (11%)	3 (6%)	10 (19%)
41–45	9 (18%)	3 (6%)	9 (17%)	21 (40%)
Gender
Male	4 (8%)	3 (6%)	10 (19%)	17 (32%)
Female	16 (30%)	10 (19%)	10 (19%)	36 (68%)
Type of Medication
Pain relief	0 (0%)	6 (15%)	2 (5%)	8 (20%)
Antidepressant/Anxiety	2 (5%)	3 (8%)	2 (5%)	7 (18%)
NSAID	1 (2%)	1 (2%)	1 (2%)	3 (8%)
Other*	12 (30%)	4 (10%)	6 (15%)	22 (55%)

Note. Other* includes medications for birth control, anti-reflux, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, underactive thyroid, hay fever and mineral supplements>