Table 5.

Characteristics of patients with EVD associated infections.

Patients	Categories based on microbiological findings	Gram stain	Species	CSF cell count (per μl)	Systemic infection at the time of pos. CSF culture	Intrathecal vancomycin	Postoperative prophylactic antibiotic
1	Ventriculitis		Candida albicans	5	No systemic infection		No
2	Ventriculitis		Candida albicans	1,500	Pneumonia
3	Ventriculitis	Negative	Enterobacter cloacae	833	Pneumonia
4	Ventriculitis	Positive	Streptococcus parasanguinis	400	Pneumonia
5	Ventriculitis	Both	Neisseria sicca, Staphylococcus mitis, Staphylococcus hominis	404	Pneumonia		No
6	Ventriculitis	Positive	Nocardia cyriacigeorgica	347	No systemic infection	Yes
7	Ventriculitis	Positive	Staphylococcus aureus	28	Urinary tract infection, Pneumonia	Yes
8	Ventriculitis	Positive	Enterococcus faecalis	171	No systemic infection	Yes
9	Ventriculitis	Positive	Kocuria species	27	No systemic infection	Yes
10	Ventriculitis	Positive	Staphylococcus aureus	327	Pneumonia	Yes
11	Ventriculitis	Positive	Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA	1,648	Pneumonia, Urinary tract infection, pos. blood cultures	Yes	No
12	Ventriculitis	Positive	Streptococcus oralis	25,020	Urinary tract infection	Yes
13	Ventriculitis	Positive	Enterococcus faecalis	5	Pneumonia	Yes
25	Ventriculitis	Negative	Acinetobacter	69	Urinary tract infection
26	Ventriculitis	Positive	Staphylococcus haemolyticus	139	No systemic infection
27	Ventriculitis	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis	47	No systemic infection
28	Ventriculitis	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus pettenkoferi, Staphylococcus caprae, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum	38	Pneumonia
29	Ventriculitis	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis	11,264	Urinary tract infection
30	Ventriculitis	Negative	Serratia marcescens	3	Pneumonia
31	Ventriculitis	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis	75	Urinary tract infection	Yes
32	Ventriculitis	Positive	Viridans streptococci	54	No systemic infection
14	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis	274	No systemic infection	Yes
15	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis	46	Pneumonia	Yes	No
16	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus haemolyticus	66	Pseudomonas sepsis		No
17	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis	33	Urinary tract infection, Pneumonia
18	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis	39	Urinary tract infection
19	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus haemolyticus	53	Urinary tract infection
20	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis	31	Pneumonia		No
21	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus haemolyticus	29	No systemic infection
22	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis	26	No systemic infection
23	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis	174	Urinary tract infection
24	Colonization	Positive	Staphylococcus epidermidis	51	Urinary tract infection

CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EVD, external ventricular drainage.