Table 2.
Overview of excitatory TMS (HF rTMS/iTBS) for the treatment of LID in PD.
| Sample target | Coil design | TMS administration | Degree and scale of dyskinesia | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | Bilateral 1 central coil | Single session (15 min* 1 day) of 5 Hz | Disabling | No change | (5) |
| SMA | Sham controlled | HF-rTMS during apomorphine Infusion | AIMS | ||
| 4 | Unilateral 1 central coil | Multiple sessions (no exact time* 5 days) | No mention | No change | (19) |
| DLPFC | Sham controlled | of 10 Hz HF-rTMS during levodopa intake | UPDRSIV | ||
| 4 | Unilateral 1 central coil | Multiple sessions (no exact time* 5 days) | No mention | No change | |
| MC | Sham controlled | of 10 Hz HF-rTMS during levodopa intake | UPDRSIV | ||
| 8 | Unilateral no coil type | Single session (40 s* 1 day) of iTBS | Bothersome | No change | (16) |
| IFC | Sham controlled | After levodopa intake | AIMS | ||
| 8 | Unilateral no coil type | Single session (40 s* 1 day) of iTBS | Bothersome | No change | |
| MC | Cross-over sham controlled | After levodopa intake | AIMS |
PD, Parkinson's disease; HF rTMS, high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; iTBS, intermittent TBS; LID, levodopa-induced dyskinesia; SMA, supplementary motor area; MC, motor cortex; DLPFC, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; AIMS, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale; UPDRS, Unified PD Rating Scale.