Table 4.

Effect of Clostridium butyricum on plasma parameters in heifers.

Items	Treatment a		SEMb	P -value
	CON	CB		Treat	Time	Treat × Time
Biochemical levels
TP, g/L	63.76	65.62	0.824	0.12	0.63	0.32
BUN, mmol/L	3.54	3.27	0.178	0.28	0.26	0.16
GLU, mmol/L	6.13	6.28	0.0747	0.08	0.79	0.35
CHOL, mmol/L	2.86	3.17	0.144	0.15	0.97	0.42
TG, mmol/L	0.29	0.30	0.00927	0.27	0.77	0.41
Antioxidant levels
T-AOC, mmol/ml	11.24	13.01	1.010	0.26	0.24	0.71
T-SOD, U/ml	78.84	79.03	2.221	0.95	0.61	0.66
MDA, nmol/ml	3.50	3.36	0.206	0.64	0.67	0.56
CAT, U/ml	58.30	50.74	4.555	0.21	0.53	0.81
GSH, U/ml	7.78	7.79	0.306	0.97	0.69	0.11
Immunological levels
IgA, g/L	0.76	0.71	0.0313	0.34	0.31	0.34
IgG, g/L	9.94	10.32	0.284	0.37	0.19	0.65
IgM, g/L	2.51	2.58	0.0784	0.40	0.51	0.82

TP, total protein; TG, triglyceride; CHOL, cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; GLU, blood glucose; CAT, catalase; MDA, malondialdehyde; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; T-SOD, total superoxide dismutase; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M.

^aCON, control diet; CB = 2 ×10⁸ CFU/kg of dry matter intake.

^bSEM, Standard error of the mean.