Table 5.

Effect of Clostridium butyricum on ruminal fermentation in heifers.

Items	Treatment a		SEMb	P -value
	CON	CB		Treat	Time	Treat × Time
pH	6.85	6.87	0.0156	0.45	0.78	0.79
Ammonia-N, mg/dL	7.61	7.62	0.278	0.98	0.98	0.11
MCPc, mg/dL	110.22	109.21	1.985	0.72	0.16	0.35
Total VFA, mM	53.91	54.10	0.438	0.75	<0.0001	0.83
Acetate, mol/100 mol	57.79	55.29	0.413	0.0003	0.14	0.006
Propionate, mol/100 mol	21.74	23.54	0.349	0.001	0.77	0.99
Butyrate, mol/100 mol	15.28	17.15	0.137	<0.0001	0.0002	<0.0001
Acetate:propionate	2.68	2.37	0.0519	0.0002	0.75	0.32

^aCON, control diet; CB = 2 ×10⁸ CFU/kg of dry matter intake.

^bSEM, Standard error of the mean.

^cMCP, microbial crude protein.