Figure 1.

Shared causal variants and causal effects between MDD and CVD. MDD, major depressive disorder; HF, heart failure; AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease. (A) Venn diagrams of unique and shared causal variants between major depressive disorder and cardiovascular diseases. The numbers indicate the estimated quantity of causal variants (in thousands) per component, explaining 90% of SNP heritability in each phenotype. The size of the circles reflects the degree of polygenicity. (B) Causal effects of MDD on cardiovascular diseases. The dotted lines denote effect sizes (b_xy). (C) Overlapped genes between major depressive disorder and cardiovascular disease from GWAS-catalog. The matrix of solid and empty circles at the bottom illustrates the “presence” (solid green) or “absence” (empty) of the gene sets in each intersection. The numbers to the right of the matrix are set sizes. The colored bars on the top of the matrix represent the intersection sizes with the color intensity showing the P-value significance. (D) Pleiotropic genes shared by MDD and CVD. (E) Mechanisms underlying associations between MDD and CVD. (F) Gene property analysis for tissue specificity in general GTEx tissues. (G) Fine-mapping of TWAS hits within 14:72890537-14:76444767 in heart_left_ventricle. Transcriptome-wide association signal indicating the strength of predicted expression associated with the trait.