Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis patients.
| Total | IE + cancer | IE – cancer | P -value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demography | ||||
| N | 3,085 | 359 | 2,726 | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 59.21 ± 18.06 | 70.33 ± 11.47 | 57.74 ± 18.26 | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 63.0 (46.0–73.0) | 72.0 (64.0–79.0) | 61.0 (43.0–72.0) | <0.001 |
| <65 years old | 1,655/3,085 (53.6%) | 90/359 (25.1%) | 1,565/2,726 (57.4%) | <0.001 |
| 65–80 years old | 1,060/3,085 (34.4%) | 191/359 (53.2%) | 869/2,726 (31.9%) | |
| ≥80 years old | 370/3,085 (12.0%) | 78/359 (21.7%) | 292/2,726 (10.7%) | |
| Females (%) | 961/3,085 (31.2%) | 110/359 (30.6%) | 851/2,726 (31.2%) | 0.824 |
| History of cardiovascular diseases | ||||
| Heart failure | 652/2,809 (23.2%) | 75/307 (24.4%) | 577/2,502 (23.1%) | 0.592 |
| Congenital heart disease | 362/3,083 (11.7%) | 11/359 (3.1%) | 351/2,724 (12.9%) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 613/2,866 (21.4%) | 89/318 (28.0%) | 524/2,548 (20.6%) | 0.002 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 756/2,887 (26.2%) | 113/323 (35.0%) | 643/2,564 (25.1%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 63/2,809 (2.2%) | 4/307 (1.3%) | 59/2,502 (2.4%) | 0.239 |
| Known valve murmur | 955/2,809 (34.0%) | 97/307 (31.6%) | 858/2,502 (34.3%) | 0.347 |
| Previous endocarditis (%) | 271/3,085 (8.8%) | 33/359 (9.2%) | 238/2,726 (8.7%) | 0.772 |
| Device therapy | 532/3,085 (17.2%) | 80/359 (22.3%) | 452/2,726 (16.6%) | 0.007 |
| History of valve disease | ||||
| Aortic valve stenosis | 375/2,608 (14.4%) | 52/277 (18.8%) | 323/2,331 (13.9%) | 0.028 |
| Aortic valve surgery | 793/3,085 (25.7%) | 101/359 (28.1%) | 692/2,726 (25.4%) | 0.263 |
| Mitral valve surgery | 376/3,085 (12.2%) | 40/359 (11.1%) | 336/2,726 (12.3%) | 0.519 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Previous stroke/TIA | 337/2,832 (11.9%) | 51/312 (16.3%) | 286/2,520 (11.3%) | 0.010 |
| Previous pulmonary embolism | 64/2,802 (2.3%) | 14/307 (4.6%) | 50/2,495 (2.0%) | 0.005 |
| Arterial hypertension | 1,483/3,081 (48.1%) | 217/358 (60.6%) | 1,266/2,723 (46.5%) | <0.001 |
| Previous hemorrhagic events | 128/2,802 (4.6%) | 23/305 (7.5%) | 105/2,497 (4.2%) | 0.008 |
| COPD/asthma | 315/3,081 (10.2%) | 48/358 (13.4%) | 267/2,723 (9.8%) | 0.034 |
| Chronic renal failure | 544/3,083 (17.6%) | 79/359 (22.0%) | 465/2,724 (17.1%) | 0.021 |
| Dialysis | 160/544 (29.4%) | 15/79 (19.0%) | 145/465 (31.2%) | 0.028 |
| HIV | 31/3,011 (1.0%) | 2/349 (0.6%) | 29/2,662 (1.1%) | 0.572 |
| Hypo/hyperthyroidism | 224/2,792 (8.0%) | 33/306 (10.8%) | 191/2,486 (7.7%) | 0.060 |
| Chronic autoimmune disease | 106/3,075 (3.4%) | 15/357 (4.2%) | 91/2,718 (3.3%) | 0.406 |
| Current pregnancy | 8/3,062 (0.3%) | 1/358 (0.3%) | 7/2,704 (0.3%) | >0.999 |
| Smoking | 750/2,911 (25.8%) | 73/330 (22.1%) | 677/2,581 (26.2%) | 0.108 |
| Intravenous drug dependency | 212/3,038 (7.0%) | 3/354 (0.8%) | 209/2,684 (7.8%) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 223/2,974 (7.5%) | 23/349 (6.6%) | 200/2,625 (7.6%) | 0.493 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 104/2,809 (3.7%) | 36/307 (11.7%) | 68/2,502 (2.7%) | <0.001 |
| Long corticotherapy | 126/2,809 (4.5%) | 28/307 (9.1%) | 98/2,502 (3.9%) | <0.001 |
| Intravenous catheter | 248/3,074 (8.1%) | 53/358 (14.8%) | 195/2,716 (7.2%) | <0.001 |
| Charlson index mean ± SD | 3.48 ± 2.92 | 6.16 ± 3.35 | 3.13 ± 2.67 | <0.001 |
| Antithrombotic treatment on admission | 1,686/2,977 (56.6%) | 217/340 (63.8%) | 1,469/2,637 (55.7%) | 0.005 |
| Other non-cardiac intervention | ||||
| Colonoscopy | 90/2,710 (3.3%) | 24/295 (8.1%) | 66/2,415 (2.7%) | <0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal intervention | 102/3,025 (3.4%) | 26/351 (7.4%) | 76/2,674 (2.8%) | <0.001 |
| Urogenital intervention | 87/3,026 (2.9%) | 28/352 (8.0%) | 59/2,674 (2.2%) | <0.001 |
| Dental procedure | 224/2,849 (7.9%) | 16/329 (4.9%) | 208/2,520 (8.3%) | 0.032 |
COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; IE, Infective endocarditis; TIA, Transient ischemic attack.