Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study ID | References | Country and Institute | Study period | Study type | Age (Years) | Sex | Total Pts. | Arms | No. of patients | Comorbidities | Maintenance IS | NOS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | F | ||||||||||||
| 1 | Verma et al. (16) | UK, Kings College Hospital | 2020 | Retrospective | 23-54 years | 5 | 0 | 5 | Non-severe | 5 | DM: 1, HTN: 1; High cholesterol: 1; Ulcerative colitis + ileostomy: 1; | • CNIs • Steroids • Antimetabolites | 8 |
| Severe | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Alive | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Dead | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 2 | Lee et al. (9) | USA, Icahn School of Medicine | 2020 | Retrospective | 30-80 years | NA | NA | 24 | Non-severe | 13 | HTN: 22; DM: 17; CVD: 10; CKD: 17 | • CNIs • Steroids • Antimetabolites | 8 |
| Severe | 11 | ||||||||||||
| Alive | 17 | ||||||||||||
| Dead | 7 | ||||||||||||
| 3 | Loinaz et al. (10) | Spain, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre” | 2020 | Retrospective | 46-79 years | 12 | 5 | 17 | Non-severe | 16 | DM: 6; HTN: 9; Lung disease: 4 | • CNIs • Steroids • Antimetabolites mTORi | 8 |
| Severe | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Alive | 16 | ||||||||||||
| Dead | 1 | ||||||||||||
| 4 | Becchetti et al. (6) | Switzerland, Inselspital University Hospital | 2020 | Prospective | 57–70 years | 40 | 17 | 57 | Non-severe | 46 | CVD: 21; Arterial HTN: 32; DM: 21; Active cancer: 5; COPD: 7; HIV: 1; Kidney insufficiency: 16; Heart failure: 9; | • CNIs • Steroids • Antimetabolites mTORi | 8 |
| Severe | 11 | ||||||||||||
| Alive | 50 | ||||||||||||
| Dead | 7 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | Waisberg et al. (17) | Brazil, Universidade de Sào Paulo | 2020 | Retrospective | 34-69 years | 4 | 0 | 4 | Non-severe | 3 | HTN 2; DM 1; Obesity 1; Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis 1 | • CNIs • Steroids • Antimetabolites | 7 |
| Severe | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Alive | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Dead | 1 | ||||||||||||
| 6 | Webb et al. (12) | UK, University of Oxford | 2020 | Retrospective | 47–66 years | 102 | 49 | 151 | Non-severe | 108 | Obesity 44; CVD 22; DM 65; Asthma 0 69; COPD 4; CLD 4; HTN 63; Non-liver cancer 8; Stroke 3 | • CNIs • Steroids • Antimetabolites mTORi | 9 |
| Severe | 43 | ||||||||||||
| Alive | 123 | ||||||||||||
| Dead | 28 | ||||||||||||
| 7 | Belli et al. (15) | Italy, Niguarda Hospital | 2020 | Retrospective | 55–69 years | 171 | 72 | 243 | Non-severe | 206 | DM: 94; HTN: 111; CLD: 25; CKD; 49; CAD 17 | • CNIs • Steroids • Antimetabolites mTORi | 8 |
| Severe | 37 | ||||||||||||
| Alive | 194 | ||||||||||||
| Dead | 49 | ||||||||||||
| 8 | Felldin et al. (18) | Sweden, Sahlgrenska University Hospital | 2020 | Retrospective | 27–72 years | 1 | 7 | 8 | Non-severe | 7 | DM: 3; COPD: 1; CKD: 1; Hypothyroid: 1; Sarcoidosis: 1; Polymyalgia rheumatica: 1; CLL: 1 | • CNIs • Steroids • Antimetabolites | 9 |
| Severe | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Alive | 7 | ||||||||||||
| Dead | 1 | ||||||||||||
CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CLD, chronic lung disease; CLL, chronic leukocytic leukemia; CVD, cardiovascular disease, CLD, chronic lung disease; CNIs, calcineurin inhibitors; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; HIV, human immunodeficiency disease; IS, immunosuppressant; mTORi, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor.