TABLE 5.

T-test comparisons between traditional sports and esports data (**P < 0.001).

Factor	N	Mean (SD)	Comparison M	t	sig	Mean difference	Cohen’s d	CI
Received social support
Emotional support	1,222	1.99 (0.98)	2.16	–6.02	>0.001**	–0.22		−0.22/−0.11
Esteem support	1,222	1.92 (0.95)	2.41	–17.86	>0.001**	–0.43		−0.54/−0.43
Informational support	1,222	1.98 (0.94)	1.96	0.982	0.33	0.02		−0.02/−0.08
Tangible support	1,222	1.37 (0.60)	1.82	–26.15	>0.001**	–0.45		−0.48/−0.42
Self-regulation
Informational input	993	3.66 (0.51)	3.68	–1.30	0.19	–0.02	–0.04	−0.05/0.01
Evaluating	993	3.27 (0.46)	3.61	–22.79	>0.001**	–0.34	–0.72	−0.36/−0.31
Triggering	993	3.48 (0.44)	3.21	18.92	>0.001**	0.27	0.60	0.24/0.29
Searching	993	3.76 (0.52)	4.04	–17.31	>0.001**	0.28	–0.55	−0.32/−0.25
Planning	993	3.20 (0.65)	3.47	–12.92	>0.001**	0.27	–0.41	−0.31/−0.23
Implementing	993	3.26 (0.64)	3.69	–21.02	>0.001**	–0.42	–0.67	−0.47/−0.39
Assessing	993	3.42 (0.48)	3.67	–16.47	>0.001**	–0.25	–0.52	−0.28/−0.22
Total self-regulation	993	216.45 (22.02)	228.56	–17.32	>0.001**	–12.11	–0.55	13.48/10.73
Psychological skills
Self-talk	838	2.67 (0.92)	3.33	–20.67	>0.001**	–0.66		−0.72/−0.60
Emotional control	838	3.80 (0.89)	2.31	48.21	>0.001**	1.49		1.43/1.55
Automaticity	838	3.41 (0.76)	3.64	–8.63	>0.001**	–0.23		−0.28/−0.18
Goal setting	838	2.71 (1.04)	3.91	–33.28	>0.001**	–1.20		−1.27/−1.13
Imagery	838	2.64 (1.04)	3.71	–29.95	>0.001**	–1.07		−0.15/−1.00
Activation	838	3.01 (0.84)	3.94	–32.18	>0.001**	–0.93		−0.99/−0.88
Relaxation	838	2.53 (1.07)	2.92	–10.55	>0.001**	–0.39		−0.46/−0.32
Negative thinking	838	2.75 (0.93)	3.01	–8.16	>0.001**	–0.26		−0.33/−0.20