Table 4.
Regressing socio-demographic and work conditions on high levels of psychological distress (fear, anxiety, and depression) among Bangladeshi healthcare frontline and non-frontline workers.
| Variables | Frontline healthcare workers (N = 81) | Non-frontline healthcare workers (N = 122) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (Fear) | Model 2 (Anxiety) | Model 3 (Depression) | Model 4 (Fear) | Model 5 (Anxiety) | Model 6 (Depression) | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Living status | ||||||
| With family members | 0.01 (0.00–2.86) | - | - | 0.37 (0.02–3.35) | - | - |
| With non-family members | 0.02 (0.00–1.13)* | - | - | 0.36 (0.01–4.06)* | - | - |
| Alone | Ref. | - | - | Ref. | - | - |
| Education | ||||||
| College | - | 7.86 (0.36–391.4) | - | - | 10.35 (0.28–372.03) | - |
| Undergraduate | - | 4.52 (0.95–549.71) | - | - | 0.73 (0.03–16.08) | - |
| Graduate | - | 4.40 (0.35–108.4) | - | - | 0.95 (0.05–15.08) | - |
| Postgraduate | - | 4.53 (0.37–108.7) | - | - | 1.8 (0.10–30.90) | - |
| Advanced degree | - | Ref. | - | - | Ref. | - |
| Type of healthcare workplace | ||||||
| Public | 0.70 (0.22–2.19) | 1.30 (0.56–2.99) | 1.01 (0.32–3.17) | 3.70 (1.63–8.64)*** | 1.30 (0.56–2.97) | 1.15 (0.54–2.46) |
| Private | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Years of employment | ||||||
| <5 years | - | 1.34 (0.24–6.26)* | - | - | 1.44 (0.44–4.63) | - |
| 5–9 years | - | 1.01 (0.16–3.32) | - | - | 0.66 (0.16–2.66) | - |
| >9 years | - | Ref. | - | - | Ref. | - |
| Working hours | ||||||
| <8 h | - | Ref. | Ref. | - | Ref. | Ref. |
| ≥8 h | - | 2.5 (0.52–12.33)* | 1.36 (0.39–5.20)* | - | 0.01 (0.00–0.21) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) |
Results of logistic regression with cutoffs of >6 for fear, ≥9 for anxiety on the GAD-7, and ≥10 on the PHQ-9 for depression.
*
p < 0.05;
***
p < 0.001.
OR, odds ratio; CI, 95% confidence interval.
Bold values represented as significant variables.