Figure 5.

TNEA-induced autophagy-lysosomal pathway in 5XFAD mice brains was blocked by chloroquine. 5XFAD mice were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle (PBS) or chloroquine (CQ, 50 mg/kg/day) 4 days before the last TNEA treatment. (A, C) Representative western blots showed the levels of autophagy markers (LC3B and SQSTM1 in the SDS soluble (A) and insoluble fractions (C) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HI) of mice brains. SE, short exposure; LE, long exposure. (B, D) Data were quantified as mean ± SEM (male, n = 6) and analyzed by Unpaired t test. No statistical significance (p > 0.05) vs. CQ alone group. (E) Representative western blots showed the levels of LAMP1 in the HI and PFC of 5XFAD mice treated with/without CQ. (F) Data were quantified as mean ± SEM (male, n = 6) and analyzed by Unpaired t test. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 vs. TNEA group