Figure 3.

H. porci elevated the frequency of CCR5⁺ CD4⁺ T cells and TNF-α /IL-10 ratio in LPMC. A) LPMC cultured with H. porci showed significantly higher frequencies of CCR5⁺ CD4⁺ T cells expressing the HIV co-receptor CCR5 compared to LPMC with B. uniformis. B) TNF-α to IL-10 ratio after 24 hours stimulation showed H. porci upregulated a significantly higher TNF-α/IL-10 ratio compared to B. uniformis. Statistical significance was determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. * = p < .05