Table 5.
Impact of COVID worries on symptom changes from T1 to T2 according to psychiatric history
| T1–T2 Symptom increase/decreasea | No/only-past psychiatric history (n = 111) | Recent psychiatric history (n = 79) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Worry domains | Worry domains | |||||
| Illness and death | Financial | Social isolation | Illness and death | Financial | Social isolation | |
| General depression | ||||||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 1.2 (0.2–2.3) | 1.3 (0.7–2.2) |
| Suicidality | ||||||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | 1.9 (0.9–4.0) | 1.7 (0.8–3.7) | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 2.5 (1.0–6.6) | 1.7 (0.8–3.4) | 1.6 (0.8–3.5) |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | 1.7 (0.9–3.0) | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 1.5 (0.7–3.2) | 2.4 (1.2–5.0) | 2.4 (1.2–4.8) |
| Traumatic symptoms | ||||||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.3 (0.7–2.8) | 1.3 (0.7–2.7) | 1.8 (0.9–3.5) |
| Wellbeing | ||||||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) |
Odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) obtained via multinomial logistic regression, two-tailed tests.
a
For general depression, suicidality, anxiety, and traumatic symptoms, estimates represent the odds that an individual's depression, suicidality, anxiety, or traumatic symptoms would be higher [v. staying the same or becoming lower at T2, relative to T1 (for wellbeing, direction is reversed)]. All models control for sex, age, education, MDD risk, marital status, and time of survey completion. Bold results denote statistical significance at p < 0.05.