Table 1.

Critical appraisal of the primary studies using the JBI Critical appraisal checklist for an analytical cross-sectional study.

Major components	Muhie [24]	Adhanom and Desalegn [25]	Ayele and Gebre-Selassie [26]	Gaddisa Desu [27]	Taye et al. [28]	Tsega et al. [29]	Mohammed and Ali [30]	Abdelmenan et al. [31]	Orlien et al. [32]	Orlien et al.∗ [33]	Terefe Tesfaye [34]	Bihonegn and Ayalewu [35]
1. Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2. Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
3. Was the exposure measured validly and reliably?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4. Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5. Were the confounding factors identified?	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
6. Were strategies to deal confounding factors stated?	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
7. Were the outcomes measured validly and reliably?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
8. Was appropriate statistical analysis used?	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes