Table 3.

Results table for post hoc Dunnett's tests with Cohen's d values and difference direction.

Telepractice platform	Vocal f o SD (Hz)	Vocal f o range (Hz)	SPL range (dB)	HNR (vowel; dB)	L/H ratio (dB)	L/H ratio (vowel; dB)	CPPS (dB)	CPPS (vowel; dB)
Cisco WebEx	0.77↑	∙	3.54↑	−1.38↓	∙	−1.28↓	−1.08↓	−1.53↓
Doxy.me	0.96↑	0.76↑	∙	−1.28↓	−0.99↓	∙	−1.40↓	−1.57↓
Microsoft Teams	∙	∙	∙	−1.13↓	∙	∙	−1.79↓	−1.52↓
VSee Messenger	0.96↑	0.71↑	∙	−1.27↓	−0.90↓	∙	−1.51↓	−1.56↓
Zoom (with enhancements)	0.91↑	0.73↑	0.94↑	−0.96↓	−1.01↓	∙	−1.10↓	−1.41↓
Zoom (without enhancements)	1.28↑	∙	−0.62↓	−1.48↓	∙	.	−1.66↓	−1.43↓

Note. Cohen's d effect sizes: 0.2 = small, 0.5 = medium, 0.8 = large; f _o = fundamental frequency; SPL = sound pressure level; HNR = harmonic-to-noise ratio; L/H ratio = low–high ratio; CPPS = cepstral peak prominence (smoothed).