1. Baseline characteristics of included studies.
| Study name | Trial period (year to year) | Setting/country | Description of participants | Intervention(s) and comparator(s) | Adjuvant instillation*/re‐resection |
Duration of follow‐up (median) |
Age (years (mean), range) | Gender (male/female) |
| Babjuk 2005 | 2001 to 2005 | Single center/Czech Republic | Primary and recurrent NMIBC, only Ta/T1 | Intervention: 1 g 5‐ALA + BL‐TURBT |
NA/NA | 24 months | 67.9 ± NA | 43/17 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
67.9 ± NA | 39/23 | ||||||
| Drăgoescu 2017 | 2009 to 2011 | Single center/Romania | Primary NMIBC | Intervention: 0.85 g HAL + BL‐TURBT |
Mitomycin C, doxorubicin, farmorubicin/NA | 60 months | 59.4 ± 9.9 | 45/12 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
60.3 ± 10.2 | 43/13 | ||||||
| Filbeck 2002 | 1997 to 2000 | Single center/Germany | Primary and recurrent NMIBC | Intervention: 1 g 5‐ALA + BL‐TURBT |
NA/WL‐TURBT after 6 weeks | 24 months | 68.0 (31 to 88) | NA |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
70.0 (32 to 89) | NA | ||||||
| Geavlete 2010 | 2007 to 2009 | Single center/Romania | Primary NMIBC | Intervention: HAL + BL‐TURBT |
Mitomycin C/WL‐TURBT after 6 weeks | 6 weeks | 64.0 (32 to 86) | 327/119 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT | ||||||||
| Geavlete 2012 | NA | Single center/Romania | Primary and recurrent NMIBC | Intervention: HAL + BL‐TURBT |
Mitomycin C/NA | 24 months | 66.8 (31 to 85) | 267/95 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT | ||||||||
| Gkritsios 2014 | NA | Single center/Greece | Primary and recurrent NMIBC | Intervention: 0.85 g 5‐ALA + BL‐TURBT |
Epirubicin/NA | 40 months | 66.0 ± NA | 43/11 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
68.2 ± NA | 44/6 | ||||||
| Hermann 2011 | NA | Multicenter/Denmark | Primary and recurrent NMIBC, only Ta/T1 | Intervention: 0.85 g 5‐ALA + BL‐TURBT |
NA/NA | 12 months | 71.0 (35 to 96) | NA |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
69.0 (41 to 92) | NA | ||||||
| Karaolides 2012 | 2008 to 2010 | Single center/Greece | Primary and recurrent NMIBC | Intervention: HAL + BL‐TURBT |
Epirubicin/NA | 18 months | 66.3 (37 to 82) | 33/8 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
63.8 (39 to 88) | 40/5 | ||||||
| Kriegmaier 2002 | 1997 to 1998 | Multicenter/Germany, Austria | Primary and recurrent NMIBC | Intervention: 1 g 5‐ALA + BL‐TURBT |
NA/WL‐TURBT after 10 to 14 days | 2 weeks | 69.3 (38 to 88) | 53/12 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
69.6 (34 to 94) | 45/19 | ||||||
| Neuzillet 2014 | 2009 to 2012 | Multicenter/France | Primary NMIBC | Intervention: 0.85 g HAL + BL‐TURBT |
NA/PDD‐TURBT after 6 weeks | 6 weeks | 74.0 ± 10.3 | 64/8 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
74.0 ± 10.4 | 69/10 | ||||||
| O’Brien 2013 | 2005 to 2010 | Single center/United Kingdom | Primary NMIBC | Intervention: HAL + BL‐TURBT |
Mitomycin C/NA | 12 months | 68.0 (31 to 95) | 95/34 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
68.0 (29 to 90) | 88/32 | ||||||
| Riedl 2001 | 1998 to 2000 | Multicenter/Germany, Austria | Primary NMIBC | Intervention: 1 g 5‐ALA + BL‐TURBT |
NA/PDD‐TURBT after 6 weeks | 60 months | 67.0 (19 to 86) | 36/15 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
37/14 | |||||||
| Rolevich 2017 | 2008 to 2012 | Single center/Republic of Belarus | Primary and recurrent NMIBC | Intervention: 1 g 5‐ALA + BL‐TURBT |
Doxorubicin/NA | 60 months | NA | 134/40 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
NA | 156/47 | ||||||
| Schumacher 2010 | 2002 to 2005 | Multicenter/Sweden | Primary and recurrent NMIBC | Intervention: 1 g 5‐ALA + BL‐TURBT |
NA/WL‐TURBT after 5 to 7 weeks in pts with pT1 G2‐3 or T2 | 24 months | 70.1 ± 10.1 | 103/38 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
68.9 ± 10.8 | 104/34 | ||||||
| Stenzl 2010 | NR | Multicenter/USA, Canada, Europe | Primary and recurrent NMIBC, only Ta/T1 | Intervention: 0.85 g HAL + BL‐TURBT |
NA/NA | 9 months | 68.0 ± 10.8 | 212/59 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
69.6 ± 10.7 | 223/57 | ||||||
| Stenzl 2011 | NR | Multicenter/Germany, Austria | Primary NMIBC | Intervention: 1 g 5‐ALA + BL‐TURBT |
NA/WL‐TURBT after 2 to 4 weeks in pts with pT1 G2‐3 or T2 | 12 months | 66.0 ± 12.0 | 259/100 |
| Comparator: WL‐TURBT |
*Only immediate postoperative instillations, no Bacille Calmette‐Guerin schedule.
5‐ALA: 5‐aminolevulinic acid
BL‐TURBT: blue light transurethral resection of bladder tumor
HAL: hexaminolevulinic acid
NA: not available
NMIBC: non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer
NR: not reported
PDD‐TURBT: photodynamic diagnosis‐assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor
pts: participants
WL‐TURBT: white light transurethral resection of bladder tumor