Table 3.

Factors associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage prevalence in the live attenuated influenza vaccine group

	Odds ratio	95% CI	p value*
Asymptomatic respiratory virus at day 0	2·03	0·93–4·43	0·076
Day 7 (vs day 0)	1·82	1·02–3·24	0·042
Day 21 (vs day 0)	2·44	1·34–4·47	0·0037
Age, months	0·96	0·92–0·99	0·030
Household cooking indoors (vs outdoors)†	0·49	0·17–1·45	0·20

S pneumoniae detection was done by lytA PCR.

^*p values for factors associated with S pneumoniae carriage prevalence in the live attenuated influenza vaccine group are derived from a generalised logistic mixed-effect model, taking into account changes within individuals over time. Backwards model selection was done as described in the appendix before deciding on variables to include in the optimum model. Reference levels for each variable are given within brackets.

^†Cooking inside (under a roof) compared with cooking using an indoor kitchen. Note, 99% of children lived in households in which wood or charcoal was the primary fuel used to cook regardless of location of cooking.