Table 2.
Characteristics at hospital admission and process of care before ICU admission.
| Characteristics Median [IQR] or n (%) |
MD | All N = 488 |
AO N = 81 |
No AO N = 407 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0 | 29 [23;37] | 31 [22;40] | 28 [23;36] | 0.0381 |
| Males | 0 | 246 (50.41%) | 46 (56.79%) | 200 (49.14%) | 0.21 |
| Admission diagnoses | 1 | 0.33 | |||
| SCD-related acute VOE | 403 (82.8) | 64 (79) | 339 (83.5) | ||
| Non-SCD-related reason | 76 (15.6) | 19 (23.5) | 57 (14) | ||
| Scheduled hospitalisation | 25 (5.1) | 3 (3.7) | 22 (5.4) | ||
| Vital parameters at hospital admission | |||||
| MBP (mmHg) | 180 | 90 [80–101] | 90 [77–101] | 90 [80–100] | 0.92 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 200 | 89 [76–106] | 100 [70–110] | 89 [76–105] | 0.31 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 341 | 20 [16–24] | 21 [15–28] | 20 [16–24] | 0.35 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 194 | 98 [95–100] | 98 [95–100] | 98 [95–100] | 0.34 |
| Visual pain scale | 170 | 8 [7–10] | 8 [7–10] | 8 [7–10] | 0.79 |
| GCS score | 345 | 15 [15–15] | 15 [15–15] | 15 [15–15] | 0.05 |
| Temperature (°C) | 219 | 37.4 [36.6–37.7] | 37.2 [36.7–38.3] | 37.5 [36.6–37.6] | 0.02 |
| Laboratory tests at hospital admission | |||||
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 74 | 8.6 [7.4–9.6] | 8.5 [7–9.8] | 8.6 [7.5–9.6] | 0.38 |
| Leucocytes (G/L) | 111 | 14.9 [11.9–19] | 15 [12.3–21.1] | 14.8[11.7– 18.7] | 0.22 |
| Platelets (G/L) | 134 | 320 [215–405] | 287 [194–383] | 328 [223–406] | 0.14 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 142 | 59 [48–74] | 69 [55–86] | 58 [47–72] | 0.003 |
| ASAT (xN) | 167 | 1.2 [1, 2] | 1.4 [1–2.1] | 1.2 [1, 2] | 0.64 |
| ALAT (xN) | 163 | 1 [1–1.5] | 1 [1–1.7] | 1 [1–1.5] | 0.26 |
| Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 151 | 44 [27–76] | 47.5 [30–101] | 44 [26–73] | 0.11 |
| Direct bilirubin (µmol/L) | 237 | 11 [8–17] | 12 [8–39] | 11 [8–15] | 0.01 |
| Indirect bilirubin (µmol/L) | 226 | 30 [16–54] | 31 [18–63] | 30 [16–53] | 0.47 |
| LDH (xN) | 394 | 2.3 [1.7–3.1] | 2.2 [1.8–3.4] | 2.3 [1.7–3.1] | 0.27 |
| PT (%) | 74 [64.5–86] | 72 [60–83] | 74 [63–86] | 0.21 | |
| Treatments before ICU admission | |||||
| Opioids | 14 | 376 (79.3) | 57 (72.2) | 319 (80.8) | 0.09 |
| Ketamine | 15 | 42 (8.9) | 3 (3.8) | 14 (4.3) | 0.09 |
| NSAIDs | 16 | 23 (4.9) | 6 (7.6) | 17 (4.3) | 0.22 |
| Blood transfusion | 13 | 64 (13.5) | 16 (20) | 48 (12.2) | 0.06 |
| Number of RBC packs | 12 | 2 [2, 3] | 3.5 [2–4] | 2 [2, 2] | < 0.001 |
| Exchange transfusion | 13 | 19 (4) | 5 (6.3) | 14 (3.5) | 0.26 |
| Number of RBC packs | 12 | 2 [2, 3] | 2 [2–2] | 2 [2, 3] | 0.75 |
| Bloodletting | 11 | 8 (1.7) | 1 (1.3) | 7 (1.8) | 0.04 |
| Steroids | 9 (1.9) | 4 (5) | 5 (1.3) | 0.001 | |
| Antibiotics | 227 (47.6) | 52 (64.2) | 175 (44.2) | ||
| LOS before ICU admission | 0 | 1 [0–3] | 2 [1–3] | 1 [0–3] | 0.04 |
Significant values are in [bold].
The p values were obtained by univariate logistic regression and reflect associations with the occurrence of adverse outcomes.
IQR interquartile range, MD missing data, AO adverse outcome defined as death or use of life-sustaining treatments, SCD sickle cell disease, MBP mean arterial blood pressure, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, ASAT aspartate transaminase, ALAT alanine transaminase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, PT prothrombin time, ICU intensive care unit, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, RBC red blood cells, LOS length of stay, ACS acute chest syndrome, VOE vaso-occlusive event, NIV non-invasive ventilation, MV endotracheal mechanical ventilation, RRT renal replacement therapy, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II.