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. 2021 Dec 1;8:253. doi: 10.1038/s41438-021-00679-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — A DNA methylation inhibits binding by transcription factors. B HDACs recruited by and interact with transcription factors to bind target genes. C Transcriptional regulation of histone modifications (such as H3K9me2 or histone acetylation). D HDACs disengage in interactions with transcription factors to promote the expression of genes. E Methyl-binding proteins (MBDs) bind to methylation sites and interact with other transcriptional repressors to form transcriptional repressor protein complexes to inhibit transcription. F Competitors interact with transcription factors and relieve the inhibitory ability of HDACs. TFs transcription factors, HDACs histone deacetylases, MBDs methyl-binding domain protein.