Fig. 2.

Lean NK-derived exosomes enhance cellular insulin sensitivity. a, b Two microgram NCD-Exos or HFD-Exos was added to the culture medium of 3T3-L1 adipocytes or AML12 cells. After 24 h of culture, glucose uptake content of 3T3-L1 adipocytes (a) and glucose output content of AML12 cells were measured (b). c–f Western blot assays of p-Akt, Akt, PPARγ, and GLUT4 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with NCD-Exos or HFD-Exos. g–i Western blot analysis of p-Akt, Akt, and PPARγ expression in AML12 cells treated with NCD-Exos or HFD-Exos. j, k IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (j) and AML12 cells (k) treated with NCD-Exos or HFD-Exos was assessed using ELISA. Experiments were performed at least in triplicate, and the results are shown as the mean ± s.d. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the data. (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001)