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. 2021 Nov 12;11:774537. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.774537

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Copyright © 2021 Muthui, Takashima, Omondi, Kinya, Muasya, Nagaoka, Mwai, Orindi, Wambua, Bousema, Drakeley, Blagborough, Marsh, Bejon and Kapulu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Variation in sub-patent parasite densities by factors associated with gametocyte carriage in the AFIRM cohort. Asexual parasite and gametocyte densities by (A) Age group; (B) Sickle genotype; (C) α-thalassaemia genotype; and (D) Season with parasitaemia detected by 18S NASBA (all parasites) and Pfs25 NASBA (female gametocytes). Comparisons were carried out using the Wilcoxon test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The number of parasite positive individuals (N) is indicated at the top of each graph. α-thalassaemia: Norm – normal, Het – heterozygous, and Homo – homozygous. The boxes of boxplots display the median bound by the first and third quartiles, with the whiskers depicting the lowest and highest values (excluding outliers). The dots indicate individual data points.