Table 4.
Risk of Bias Summary Table.
| First author [ref] | Year | Location/Country | Selection Bias | Sample Size | Measurement Bias | Summary of the overall risk of study bias | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative of the general population? | Randomly allocated? | Adequate sample size? | Comparator Group? | Stratified by hormone? | Adjusted? | ||||
| Studies of the effect of Hormonal Contraceptives | |||||||||
| Achilles et al. (2018) | 2018 | Zimbabwe | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Balle et al. (2020) | 2020 | South Africa | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Bassis et al. (2015) | 2015 | USA | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Borgdorff et al. (2015) | 2015 | Rwanda | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Borgdorff et al. (2017) | 2017 | Netherlands | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Brooks et al. (2017) | 2017 | selected from VaHMP | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Crucitti et al. (2018) | 2018 | Rwanda | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Dabee et al. (2019) | 2019 | Cape Town & Soweto | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Gautam et al. (2015) | 2015 | Africa | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Jacobson et al. (2014) | 2014 | USA | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Lennard et al. (2018) | 2018 | South Africa | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Marconi et al. (2020) | 2020 | Brazil (multiple sites) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Onywera et al. (2019) | 2019 | Cape Town, South Africa | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Pyra et al. (2016) | 2016 | Multiple countries | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Ratten et al. (2021) | 2020 | Australia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Scott et al. (2019) | 2019 | USA | ?* | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| Song et al. (2020) | 2020 | Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Thurman et al. (2019) | 2019 | USA and Dominican Republic | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Tuddenham et al. (2019a) | 2019 | Baltimore, MD, USA | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Tuddenham et al. (2019b) | 2019 | Baltimore, MD, USA | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| van de Wijgert et al. (2020) | 2019 | Johannesburg, South Africa | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Van Der Veer et al. (2019) | 2019 | Amsterdam, the Netherlands | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Wessels et al. (2019) | 2019 | Kenya | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Whitney et al. (2020) | 2020 | Nairobi, Kenya | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Yang et al. (2019) | 2019 | New Jersey, USA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Studies of the effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapy | |||||||||
| Dahn et al. (2008) | 2008 | Canada | ?* | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Devillard et al. (2004) | 2004 | Multiple countries | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| Heinemann and Reid (2005) | 2005 | Canada | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Shen et al. (2016) | 2016 | China | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
*Patient population characteristics not described.