Table 1.
Characteristics of the Participants
| Variable | 20–64 years (n = 1,802) | 65 years and older (n = 1,555) |
|---|---|---|
| N (%) or mean (SD) | N (%) or mean (SD) | |
| Age** | 48.1 (11.6) | 73.8 (7.2) |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 936 (51.9%) | 811 (52.2%) |
| Male | 866 (48.1%) | 744 (47.8%) |
| Education** | ||
| Tertiary or higher | 855 (47.4%) | 317 (20.4%) |
| Below tertiary | 947 (52.6%) | 1,238 (79.6%) |
| Marital status** | ||
| Single | 511 (28.4%) | 220 (14.1%) |
| Married | 1,291 (71.6%) | 1,335 (85.9%) |
| Length of residence* | 24.3 (17.4) | 43.3 (22.7) |
| Social capital | ||
| Social cohesion (range 0–20) | 14.3 (2.6) | 14.3 (2.7) |
| Activities with neighbors (range 0–20)** | 10.5 (3.2) | 11.6 (3.1) |
| Sedentary behavior (hours) | ||
| Car** | 1.2 (1.1) | 0.8 (0.9) |
| Public transport | 0.0 (0.3) | 0.0 (0.3) |
| Work** | 1.9 (2.3) | 0.5 (1.4) |
| Television viewing** | 3.1 (2.0) | 3.8 (2.6) |
| Cell phone and computer use** | 1.2 (1.3) | 0.4 (1.0) |
| Other leisure activities** | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.4) |
| Total** | 8.4 (3.6) | 6.9 (3.5) |
| Happiness | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.6) |
Note: Statistically significant difference (*p < .05, **p < .01) based on Pearson’s chi-squared or t test.