Table 1.

Demographics for the Full Sample (N = 4,268)

Variables	Wave 6/Baseline (T1)	Wave 7 (T2)	Test Statistics
Age (years; M ± SD)	23.28 ± 2.30
Female (%)	64.8
Race/ethnicity (%)
Non-Hispanic White	35.6
Non-Hispanic African American	7.8
Hispanic	30.8
Asian	18.3
Other	7.5
Current use of ENDS products (%)	9.2	12.2	χ2(1) = 13.30***
Current use of tobacco products besides ENDS (Min=0, Max=4; M ± SD)	.33 ± .68
Number of tobacco/ENDS products used by close friends (Min=0, Max=5; M ± SD)	2.42 ± 1.84
Number of tobacco/ENDS products used by people living in household (Min=0, Max=5; M ± SD)	1.04 ± 1.68
Sensation seeking (Min=1, Max=5; M ± SD)	3.14 ± .93
Exposure to tobacco/ENDS information on social media (%)	20.6	22.6	χ2(1) = 4.97*
Pro-engagement tobacco/ENDS information on social media (Min=1, Max=5; M ± SD)	1.06 ± .29	1.07 ±.33	t = −1.46
Anti-engagement tobacco/ENDS information on social media (Min=1, Max=5; M ± SD)	1.17 ± 43	1.17 ±.46	t = .00

Note. The percentage was calculated without including the missing values. Tobacco products are referred to as cigarettes, cigars, hookah, or smokeless tobacco in the current study. Close friends or people living in household who use tobacco products were measured based on the number of tobacco (i.e., cigarettes, cigars, hookah, or smokeless tobacco) and ENDS products that had ever been used by participants’ close friends and people living in their household. The last column shows the statistics comparing the mean (t statistic) or proportion (χ² statistic) of T1 and T2 focal variables. The sample size for wave 7 ranges from 3847 to 3852, and was included in the final model because WLSMV estimator accommodates missing values for endogenous variables, which were measured at T2.

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001.