a Diagram of the experimental design. The arrows indicate the time at which PX-478 or vehicle was administered. b PX-478 reduced Scr levels on day 14 after I/RI. c, d Representative histological changes (PAS and Masson staining) after PX-478 treatment in mice subjected to 40 min of I/RI (n = 7). Scale bar, 100 μm. e Inhibition of HIF-1α by PX-478 abolished the mRNA expression of α-SMA, collagen-1, and fibronectin in the kidneys of mice after 40 min of I/RI (n = 7). f PX-478 treatment reduced the protein expression of fibronectin, collagen-1, and α-SMA in the kidneys of mice after 40 min of I/RI (n = 7). The quantified expression levels are shown in the right panel. g Representative micrographs showing changes in α-SMA and collagen-1 immunostaining on day 14 after PX-478 treatment. Scale bars, 100 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of seven mice. **P < 0.01 versus the PBS control (Mann–Whitney U test).