Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (at the time of incident ACEI/ARB use)
| Characteristics | Valuesa |
|---|---|
| Age (years), % | 73.7 (10.4) |
| <40 | 0.23 |
| 40–49 | 1.27 |
| 50–59 | 8.06 |
| 60–69 | 27.44 |
| 70–79 | 31.06 |
| >80 | 31.93 |
| Male, n (%) | 164 629 (96.7) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| Black | 24 493 (14.39) |
| White | 4063 (2.39) |
| Other | 141 710 (83.23) |
| BMI (kg/m2), % | 29.2 (6.5) |
| <18.5 | 0.83 |
| 18.5–25 | 16.46 |
| 25.0–30 | 29.46 |
| >30 | 29.44 |
| SBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 140.7 (22.8) |
| DBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 75.5 (13.5) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), % | 49.3 (13.8) |
| 45–59 | 46.2 |
| 30–44 | 22.7 |
| 15–29 | 5.72 |
| <15 | 1.84 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 72 382 (42.5) |
| CHF, n (%) | 29 659 (17.4) |
| CAD, n (%) | 19 803 (11.6) |
| PVD, n (%) | 38 229 (22.5) |
| COPD, n (%) | 56 112 (33.0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 35 844 (21.1) |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 8038 (4.7) |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 39 699 (23.3) |
| ACEI/ARB index year, % | |
| 2005–08 | 44.09 |
| 2009–11 | 25.40 |
| 2012–15 | 30.51 |
a
Missing data: BMI, 23.8%; SBP, 0.75%; DBP, 0.77%.