Table 1.

Traditional Risk Factors Affecting Cardiovascular Risk and Women-Specific Risk Factors

(A) Traditional risk factors affecting both men and women

Traditional risk factors

Dyslipidemia (including cholesterol and triglycerides)

Diabetes

Hypertension

Obesity and overweight

Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle

Stress

Smoking

Unhealthy diet

Homocysteine

Socio-economic status

(B) Specific risk factors for women at different life stages

Women-specific risk factors during lifetime

Young women

● PCOS

● Menarche

● Pre-term menopause

Pregnancy

● Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

● Gestational diabetes

● Preterm delivery

● Persisting overweight after delivery

Adult and old women

● Menopause

● Depression

● Breast cancer treatment

● Autoimmune disease