Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of health clinics (clusters) and participants
| Clinic characteristics |
Meta Salud Diabetes
K = 12 clinics |
Control
K = 10 clinics |
P -value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Location, n (%) | |||
| North | 3 (25.0) | 3 (30.0) | |
| Central | 7 (58.3) | 5 (50.0) | |
| South | 2 (16.7) | 2 (20.0) | |
| Urban, n (%) | 10 (83.3) | 8 (80.0) | |
| Cluster size, median (range) | 24 (19, 33) | 23 (12, 30) | |
| Participant characteristics | n = 293 participants | n = 225 participants | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 57.8 (11.2) | 62.4 (11.0) | <0.0001 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 249 (85.0) | 191 (84.9) | 0.98 |
| Married or partnered | 192 (65.5) | 131 (58.8) | 0.10 |
| Education (years), mean (SD) | 7.3 (3.7) | 6.5 (3.7) | 0.02 |
| Monthly household income, pesos, median (range) | 4000 (0-35 000) | 3700 (500-50 000) | 0.20 |
| Monthly income, pesos, n (%) | 0.56 | ||
| <1,000 | 18 (6.1) | 12 (5.4) | |
| 1000-2000 | 38 (12.9) | 43 (19.2) | |
| 2000-4000 | 102 (34.8) | 69 (30.8) | |
| 4000-6000 | 70 (23.9) | 50 (22.3) | |
| 6000-8000 | 22 (7.5) | 13 (5.8) | |
| >8000 | 31 (10.6) | 26 (11.6) | |
| SES score,a mean (SD) | 3.6 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.2) | 0.85 |
| Employed, n (%) | 128 (43.7) | 95 (42.4) | 0.77 |
| Insurance, n (%) | 0.85 | ||
| Public employee | 65 (22.3) | 56 (25.1) | |
| Seguro Popular | 222 (76.0) | 162 (72.7) | |
| Private | 2 (1.0) | 2 (0.9) | |
| No insurance | 3 (1.0) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Time in the GAM, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| Just joined | 100 (34.1) | 21 (9.4) | |
| <1 year | 59 (20.1) | 37 (16.5) | |
| ≥1 year | 134 (45.7) | 166 (74.1) | |
| Medications, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 271 (92.8) | 203 (91.4) | 0.33 |
| Cholesterol | 75 (25.7) | 74 (33.3) | 0.05 |
| Blood pressure | 200 (68.5) | 154 (69.4) | 0.83 |
| Heart | 34 (11.6) | 26 (11.3) | 0.96 |
| Stroke | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.9) | 0.42 |
| Drinks any alcohol, n (%) | 89 (30.1) | 66 (29.4) | 0.51 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 32 (11.0) | 13 (5.9) | 0.04 |
| Outcomes at baseline | |||
| CVD risk,b % | 20.8 (16.5) | 23.2 (17.2) | 0.11 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 161 (55.1) | 95 (42.2) | 0.004 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 191.6 (43.1) | 195.8 (51.2) | 0.33 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 45.8 (12.6) | 47.8 (14.0) | 0.08 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 203.1 (104.6) | 197.9 (93.3) | 0.56 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 126.3 (20.3) | 125.1 (19.8) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes distressc | 22.6 (15.6) | 22.2 (16.3) | 0.78 |
SES, socioeconomic status; GAM, Grupo de Ayuda Mutua; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.
a
Possible range 0–6.
b
Framingham risk score, see Supplementary Material for calculation, available as Supplementary data at IJE online.
c
Possible range 0–100.