Figure 2.

Experimental models incorporating local therapies. Both neurosurgery and radiotherapy have been applied to experimental brain metastasis models in vivo. These approaches could help to understand the biology of local relapse (a), neurotoxicity related to whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) (b), and the radionecrosis that could be associated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (c). In addition, these models could be used to evaluate the benefit versus increased toxicity of combining local and systemic therapies (d).