Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included patients
| HTN-only | T2DM-only | T2DM and HTN | Non-T2DM and non-HTN | P value | |
| Total | 9653 | 8012 | 3592 | 10 561 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 4419 (45.8%) | 4006 (50.0%) | 1634 (45.5%) | 4889 (46.3%) | – |
| Female | 5234 (54.2%) | 4006 (50.0%) | 1958 (54.5%) | 5672 (53.7%) | – |
| Age | |||||
| 18–29 (n, %) | 79 (0.8%) | 204 (2.5%) | 31 (0.9%) | 1372 (13.0%) | – |
| 30–39 (n, %) | 602 (6.2%) | 831 (10.4%) | 139 (3.9%) | 2439 (23.1%) | – |
| 40–49 (n, %) | 1856 (19.2%) | 2323 (29.0%) | 553 (15.4%) | 3227 (30.6%) | – |
| 50–59 (n, %) | 1856 (20.7%) | 2297 (28.7%) | 927 (25.8%) | 1954 (18.5%) | – |
| 60–69 (n, %) | 2552 (26.4%) | 1704 (21.3%) | 1194 (33.2%) | 1179 (11.2%) | – |
| 70–79 (n, %) | 1715 (17.8%) | 556 (6.9%) | 573 (16.0%) | 336 (3.2%) | – |
| ≥80 (n, %) | 852 (8.8%) | 97 (1.2%) | 175 (4.9%) | 54 (0.5%) | – |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.86 (1.54) | 2.35 (2.55) | 2.29 (1.85) | 1.71 (1.65) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.31 (1.19) | 5.32 (1.41) | 5.29 (1.28) | 5.28 (1.15) | 0.3506 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.41 (0.41) | 1.25 (0.45) | 1.26 (0.39) | 1.40 (0.39) | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.17 (1.00) | 3.07 (1.03) | 3.02 (0.98) | 3.03 (0.90) | <0.0001 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 81.11 (39.35) | 70.57 (23.94) | 84.26 (59.38) | 76.78 (20.42) | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.58 (1.38) | 9.41 (3.11) | 8.41 (2.63) | 5.73 (1.31) | <0.0001 |
| Fasting blood-glucose (mmol/L) | 5.76 (1.28) | 11.15 (5.28) | 9.88 (5.14) | 5.58 (1.13) | <0.0001 |
| Serum insulin (pmol/litre) | 95.63 (60.05) | 117.64 (288.36) | 78.43 (57.89) | 9.98 (3.21) | 0.6502 |
| Proteinuria (positive) | 310 (3.2%) | 145 (1.8%) | 126 (3.5%) | 143 (1.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes complications | |||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | – | 450 (5.6%) | 446 (12.4%) | – | – |
| Diabetic retinopathy | – | 313 (3.9%) | 159 (4.4%) | – | – |
| Diabetic neuropathy | – | 462 (5.8%) | 225 (6.3%) | – | – |
| Diabetic lower limb vascular disease | – | 7 (0.09%) | 15 (0.42%) | – | – |
| Diabetic foot | – | 80 (1.0%) | 61 (1.7%) | – | – |
For continuous variables, data were presented as mean (SD) and p values for four groups were calculated using analysis of variance test. For categorical variables, data were presented as number (frequency) and p values for four groups were calculated using χ2 test.
HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HTN, hypertension; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.