Table 1.
Prevalence of child restraint use by characteristics of vehicles and child occupants (n=12 061)
| Characteristics | Round | Total | χ2 | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||
| Total | 5.1% | 12.1% | 3.7% | 3.4% | 7.1% | 7.7% | 7.9% | 8.6% | 6.4% | 114.2* |
| Observation time | ||||||||||
| Morning | 6.6% | 13.0% | 3.7% | 3.4% | 7.1% | 7.7% | 7.9% | 8.6% | 6.8% | 10.3* |
| Afternoon | 4.2% | 9.8% | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4.9% | |
| Weekday | 3.8 | |||||||||
| No | 5.0% | 14.6% | 5.5% | 3.5% | 5.1% | 6.0% | 5.9% | 12.1% | 7.0% | |
| Yes | 5.3% | 5.5% | 3.3% | 3.4% | 8.1% | 8.3% | 8.5% | 7.1% | 6.1% | |
| Type of vehicle | 275.0* | |||||||||
| Sedan/Saloon | 7.7% | 12.8% | 3.9% | 4.8% | 9.3% | 9.8% | 9.6% | 9.1% | 8.2% | |
| SUV/4WD | 9.3% | 15.3% | 6.5% | 5.1% | 11.6% | 10.7% | 10.9% | 15.3% | 10.4% | |
| Taxi | 0.2% | 0% | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0% | 0% | 0.3% | |
| Others† | 2.4% | 0% | 7.4% | 0% | 12.7% | 9.9% | 0% | 16.7% | 5.7% | |
| Area | 6.5* | |||||||||
| Central urban | 5.5% | 16.7% | 5.1% | 3.5% | 8.1% | 6.0% | 7.3% | 9.0% | 6.3% | |
| Urban | 4.5% | 12.0% | 1.9% | 3.3% | 5.3% | 12.8% | 9.5% | 7.1% | 6.7% | |
| Periurban | – | – | 0% | – | – | – | – | – | 0% | |
| Location type | 60.2* | |||||||||
| Entertainment places | – | 21.7% | 0% | – | – | – | – | – | 15.5% | |
| Shopping malls | – | 11.2% | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11.2% | |
| Kindergarten | 10.3% | 5.5% | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.4% | |
| Children’s hospital | 5.0% | – | 4.0% | 3.4% | 7.1% | 7.7% | 7.9% | 8.6% | 6.0% | |
| Child’s age | 70.3* | |||||||||
| <5 years | 6.2% | 15.8% | 3.4% | 4.6% | 9.5% | 9.1% | 10.6% | 8.7% | 7.8% | |
| 5–12 years | 3.1% | 6.6% | 4.2% | 0.8% | 3.3% | 4.7% | 3.7% | 8.4% | 4.0% | |
| Missing | – | 0% | 0% | 4.8% | 0% | 0% | – | – | 3.2% | |
| Child’s gender | 6.6* | |||||||||
| Boy | 5.2% | 13.9% | 4.1% | 4.4% | 7.9% | 7.5% | 8.1% | 9.3% | 6.9% | |
| Girl | 4.9% | 9.4% | 3.3% | 2.6% | 5.8% | 7.2% | 7.4% | 7.5% | 5.7% | |
| Missing | 5.6% | 19.2% | 3.4% | 1.8% | 7.6% | 12.6% | 10.2% | 8.1% | 6.3% | |
| Other child present | 17.2* | |||||||||
| No | 5.4% | 12.3% | 4.2% | 3.3% | 7.7% | 7.9% | 7.9% | 9.0% | 6.7% | |
| Yes | 1.9% | 9.7% | 0% | 4.4% | 2.8% | 4.6% | 8.2% | 0% | 3.2% | |
| Child’s position | 24.2* | |||||||||
| Rear seat passenger | 5.4% | 12.8% | 3.9% | 3.5% | 7.3% | 7.7% | 8.1% | 8.6% | 6.6% | |
| Front seat passenger | 0% | 1.9% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0.3% | |
The prevalence of child restraint use was calculated by the number of observed child passengers using child restraint divided by the total observed sample in this specific category.
χ2 test was used to examine the association of child restraint use with each categorical covariate.
*Indicates p<0.05.
†Type of vehicle other involve: pickup/light truck/bus/minibus/minivan/school bus.
SUV, Sport utility vehicle; 4WD, four-wheel drive vehicles.