Table 1.
The baseline characteristics.
| Overall (45) | VT/VF (-) (33) | VT/VF (+) (12) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) n, (%) | 23 (51.1) | 12 (36.4) | 11 (91.1) | 0.001 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 43.13 ± 16.5 | 41.3 ± 17.8 | 48.3 ± 11.6 | 0.21 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.8 ± 4.1 | 27.2 ± 4.4 | 25.8 ± 3.4 | 0.31 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.83 ± 0.2 | 1.96 ± 0.21 | 0.08 |
| Hypertension n, (%) | 2 (4.4) | 2 (6.1) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Dyslipidaemia n, (%) | 2 (4.4) | 1 (3) | 1 (8.3) | 0.46 |
| Type 2 diabetes n, (%) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Tobacco use | 0.66 | |||
| Active smoking n, (%) | 4 (8.9) | 3 (9.1) | 1 (8.3) | |
| Former smoking n, (%) | 2 (4.4) | 2 (6.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Family history SCD, n (%) | 39 (86.7) | 33 (100) | 6 (50) | <0.001 |
| Asymptomatic, n (%) | 21 (46.7) | 20 (60.6) | 1 (8.3) | 0.002 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | 24 (53.3) | <0.001 | ||
| Dyspnoea | 10 (22.2) | 8 (24.2) | 2 (16.7) | |
| Chest pain | 2 (4.4) | 2 (6.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Palpitations | 7 (15.6) | 1 (3) | 6 (50) | |
| Syncope | 3 (6.7) | 2 (6.1) | 1 (8.3) | |
| Aborted SCD | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (16.7) | |
| NYHA class I n, (%) | 34 (75.6) | 24 (72.7) | 10 (83.3) | 0.021 |
| NYHA class II n, (%) | 9 (20) | 9 (27.3) | 0 (0) | |
| NYHA class III n, (%) | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (16.7) | |
| Abnormal ECG n, (%) | 34 (75.6) | 23 (69.7) | 11 (91.7) | 0.24 |
| Atrial fibrillation n, (%) | 4 (8.9) | 2 (6.1) | 2 (16.7) | 0.28 |
| Paroxysmal | 2 (4.4) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | |
| Persistent | 1 (2.2) | 0 | 1 (50) | |
| Permanent | 1 (2.2) | 1 (50) | 0 | |
| Genetic testing n, (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Desmosomal mutation | 15 (33.3) | 11 (33.3) | 4 (16.7) | |
| Non-desmosomal mutation | 24 (53.3) | 22 (66.7) | 2 (16.7) | |
| Unknown | 6 (13.3) | 0 | 6 (50) | |
| Phenotype,† n (%) | 0.022 | |||
| RV | 5 (11.1) | 2 (6.1) | 3 (25) | |
| LV | 19 (42.2) | 17 (51.1) | 1 (8.3) | |
| BV | 15 (33.3) | 9 (27.3) | 7 (58.3) | |
| Silent | 6 (13.3) | 5 (15.2) | 1 (8.3) | |
| NSVT n, (%) | 16 (35.6) | 7 (21.2) | 9 75) | 0.002 |
| ICD n, (%) | 23 (51.1) | 13 (39.4) | 10 (83.3) | 0.001 |
| Primary prevention n, (%) | 14 (60) | 12 (92.3) | 2 (20) | |
| Secondary prevention n, (%) | 9 (40) | 1 (7.7) | 8 (80) | |
| ICD shocks n, (%) | 7 (15) | 2 (6.1) | 5 (41.7) | 0.011 |
| Appropriate n, (%) | 5 (71.4) | 0 (0) | 5 100 | |
| Inappropriate n, (%) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| LGE presence n, (%) | 33 (73.3) | 23 (69.7) | 10 (83.3) | 0.46 |
| LGE phenotype n, (%) | 0.297 | |||
| RV: | 10 (22.2) | 8 (24.2) | 2 (16.7) | |
| LV: | 5 (11.1) | 2 (6.1) | 3 (25) | |
| BV: | 18 (40) | 13 (39.4) | 5 (41.7) |
CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; Cardiac SCD, sudden cardiac death; RV, right ventricle; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LV, Left Ventricle; BV, Biventricular; ICD, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
†
Based on the regional wall motion abnormalities and late gadolinium enhancement.