Table 1.
Characteristics of the randomized controlled studies.
| References | N | Age (years) | Intervention | Time | Outcome measures | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E | C | E | C | E | C | |||
| Kim et al., 2011 | 10 | 10 | 69.8 ± 8.0 | 68.2 ± 12.6 | 5 Hz, 100% MT, ipsilesional mylohyoid muscle | Sham stimulation | 20 min/day, 5 days/week, 2 weeks | FDS, PAS |
| Kim et al., 2011 | 10 | 10 | 66.4 ± 12.3 | 68.2 ± 12.6 | 1 Hz, 100% MT, contralesional mylohyoid muscle | Sham stimulation | 20 min/day, 5 days/week, 2 weeks | FDS, PAS |
| Khedr et al., 2009 | 14 | 12 | 58.9 ± 11.7 | 56.2 ± 13.4 | 3 Hz, 120% MT, ipsilesional esophagus area | Sham stimulation | 10 min/day, 5 days | DD |
| Khedr and Abo-Elfetoh, 2010 | 6 | 5 | 56.7 ± 16 | 58.0 ± 17.5 | 3 Hz, 130% MT, both hemisphere esophagus area | Sham stimulation | 10 min/day, 5 days | DD |
| Khedr and Abo-Elfetoh, 2010 | 5 | 6 | 55.4 ± 9.7 | 60.5 ± 11.0 | 3 Hz, 130% MT, both hemisphere esophagus area | Sham stimulation | 10 min/day, 5 days | DD |
| Park et al., 2013 | 9 | 9 | 73.7 ± 3.8 | 68.9 ± 9.3 | 5 Hz, 90% MT, contralesional pharyngeal | Sham stimulation | 10 min/day, 5 days/week, 2 weeks | VDS, PAS |
| Ünlüer et al., 2019 | 15 | 13 | 67.8 ± 11.9 | 69.3 ± 12.9 | 1 Hz, 90% MT, unaffected hemisphere mylohyoid muscle | Conventional therapy | 20 min/day, 5 days | PAS |
| Lim et al., 2014 | 14 | 15 | 59.8 ± 11.8 | 62.5 ± 8.2 | 1 Hz, 100% MT, contralesional hemisphere pharyngeal | Conventional therapy | 20 min/day, 5 days/week, 2 weeks | FDS, PTT, PAS |
| Park et al., 2017 | 11 | 11 | 67.5 ± 13.4 | 69.6 ± 8.6 | 10 Hz, 90% MT, ipsilesional hemisphere mylohyoid | Sham stimulation | 20 min/day, 5 days/week, 2 weeks | DOSS, PAS, VDS |
| Park et al., 2017 | 11 | 11 | 60.2 ± 13.8 | 69.6 ± 8.6 | 10 Hz, 90% MT, bilateral hemisphere mylohyoid | Sham stimulation | 20 min/day, 5 days/weeks, 2 weeks | DOSS, PAS, VDS |
T, experimental group; C, control group; Hz, hertz; MT, motor threshold; FDS, functional dysphagia scale; PAS, penetration-aspiration scale; VDS, videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale; DD, dysphagic grade; PTT, pharyngeal transit time; ASHA NOMS, American speech-language hearing association national outcomes measurements system swallowing scale.