Table 2.
Mean VM strains for each of the considered cranial loading cases and the talon. Cranial loading cases consisted of one intrinsic load and three extrinsic (dorsoventral, lateral and pullback) loads.
| species | intrinsic | dorsoventral pull | lateral shake | pullback | talon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hal. sphenurus | 14.15 × 10−5 | 21.851 × 10−4 | 15.372 × 10−4 | 10.944 × 10−4 | 5.2887 |
| Hie. morphnoides | 5.41 × 10−5 | 0.1339 × 10−4 | 3.149 × 10−4 | 7.036 × 10−4 | 5.5069 |
| Aqu. audax | 6.70 × 10−5 | 0.718 × 10−4 | 5.923 × 10−4 | 5.518 × 10−4 | 3.3678 |
| Hie. moorei | 2.58 × 10−5 | 10.563 × 10−4 | 10.180 × 10−4 | 3.648 × 10−4 | 1.6324 |
| Aeg. monachus | 5.07 × 10−5 | 0.7449 × 10−4 | 2.838 × 10−4 | 2.876 × 10−4 | 7.6279 |
| Vul. gryphus | 6.64 × 10−5 | 12.848 × 10−4 | 10.596 × 10−4 | 3.481 × 10−4 | 6.7893 |