Table 5.

Hazard ratios of recurrent miscarriage (occurred ≥2 times) associated with use of high-level disinfectants (HLDs) among 2579 nurses who reported being pregnant after baseline.

	Recurrent miscarriages/ Total Pregnancies	Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)
Ever used HLD?
Never	355/2960	1.0 (REF)
Yes, past user	52/410	0.99 (0.73, 1.34)
Yes, HLD user at baseline	56/604	0.79 (0.59, 1.06)
Duration of HLD use?
Never	355/2960	1.0 (REF)
< 1 year	24/199	0.98 (0.63, 1.52)
1–5 years	65/622	0.91 (0.69, 1.20)
6+ years	19/193	0.68 (0.45, 1.05)
Type of HLD used at baseline?
Never used HLDs	355/2960	1.00 (REF)
Baseline HLD use, glutaraldehyde	21/257	0.69 (0.42, 1.16)
Baseline HLD use, other types&	6/99	0.56 (0.23, 1.36)
Baseline HLD use, unspecified types	29/248	0.96 (0.69, 1.35)
Protective equipment used
Never used HLDs	355/2960	1.00 (REF)
Baseline HLD use, no exposure controls	21/155	1.05 (0.71, 1.56)
Baseline HLD use, with only glove protection	18/283	0.57 (0.34, 0.94)
Baseline HLD use, with glove and other types of exposure controls*	17/166	0.89 (0.52, 1.51)

Cox model adjusted for age (continuous), age at pregnancy (continuous), education (licensed practical nurse or registered nurse, bachelor’s degree, master or doctoral degree), race (White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and other races), BMI (<25 kg/m², 25–30 kg/m², ≥30 kg/m²), and smoking status (yes, no).