(a) C57BL/6 mice first received WD for 6 weeks and injected with IL-23 MC, which was then changed to CD for an additional 4 weeks. (b) Clinical photographs showing erythema and scales, (c) ear thickness, (d) image of H&E section (scale bars, 50 μm), (e) histological analysis of epidermal thickness, (f) representative images of immunohistochemical Ki-67 and p-stat3 (scale bars, 50 μm), (g) absolute numbers of IL-17A-producing γδ-low T cells and neutrophils, and (h) gene expression of proinflammatory markers in ear skin. (i) Absolute numbers of IL-17A-producing CD3+ T cells and γδ T cells in popliteal LN. (j) Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related markers in paw tissue. (k) Observed index of bacterial diversity, (l) PCoA of UniFrac distances, (m) bacterial classification at the phylum level and (n) LEfSe analysis showing significant differences in bacterial abundance between two groups. The threshold logarithmic LDA score was 2. All of the data are presented as mean± SEM. 4 mice per group. Data are representative of two independent experiments. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01. *** p <0.001, by using Student’s T test in (c,e,g,h,i,j), by Mann–Whitney U test in (k) and by Paired-Permanova test with Bonferroni correction in (l).