Fig. 1. Acd Applications. Acd (or δ) has been previously used in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence polarization (FP) to monitor conformational changes and protein binding interactions among purified proteins expressed in E. coli using RSs based on Mj TyrRS. Development of a Mb PylRS-based system for mammalian cell incorporation enables confocal microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) studies to observe processes like protein association in live cells. FLIM pixels are coloured by lifetime, (red = 15 ns, green = 9 ns) which is related to the Acd local environment.
