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. 2021 Nov 15;12:736196. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736196

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Copyright © 2021 Jeong, Jhun, Lee, Na, Choi, Cho, Lee, Lee, Park, You, Kim, Park, Kwon, Cho, Ji and Park

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Microbial composition at the phylum level in patients with different rheumatoid factor (RF) levels. (A) Comparison of intestinal microflora composition at the phylum level. (B) Relative abundance of Actinobacteria. Comparisons in relative abundance were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. (C) Correlation between the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and RF levels. (D) Correlation between the relative abundance of Firmicutes and RF levels. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. NM, normal control; NG, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients showing 20 or less of RF level; LP, RA patients showing over 20 and not exceeding 60 of RF level; HP, RA patients showing over 60 of RF level.