Table 2.

Pre-operative risk factors for PJI.

Diabetes mellitus	HbA1c > 7%
	Fingertip blood glucose >200 mg/dL [42]
Obesity	BMI > 35 kg/m2 [26, 43, 44]
Malnutrition	Serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL [42]
Renal insufficiency [45]	Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL; Creatinine clearance rate < 100 mL/min
Anaemia	(Hb < 9 g/dL) [46]
Smoking
Recent history of intra-articular injection [47]
Inflammatory arthritis [48], Previous septic arthropathy [49]
Systemic infectious process [50]