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. 2021 Nov 16;8:743044. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.743044

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Copyright © 2021 Liu, Qiu, Jiang, Tang, Guo, Zhou, Chen, Sun, Yu, Chen, Zhang, Sheng, Zhu, Lin, Cheng, Wang, Wang, Yu, Mao, Zhang, Zhang, Zei, Fu and Jiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Morphologic abnormalities of papillary muscle (PM) contributing to outflow tract obstruction [(A) normal; (B) abnormal]. (A,B) On CMR, hypertrophied and apically displaced papillary muscle (white arrows) with superior head (yellow arrow) in close proximity to the bulged septum, positioning mitral valve plane toward ventricular septum compared with normal positioned PM (B). (C,D) As compared with a relatively normal papillary muscle object (C), CMR end-systolic image presents a severely narrowed LV cavity in patient with hypertrophied papillary muscle (D).