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. 2021 Nov 16;11:749003. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.749003

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Copyright © 2021 Cho, Seon, Kim, Kim and Yoo

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The change of interferon-γ, interleukin-6, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Change in interferon-γ over time was significantly different between groups (P = 0.010), whereas changes in interleukin-6 and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were similar between two groups. Data was analyzed using a linear mixed model after log-transformation for normality of distribution. Preop, preoperatively; POD, postoperative day; DEX group, dexmedetomidine group; ^* P < 0.05 compared to preoperatively; ^† P < 0.05 compared to the Control group.