TABLE 3.

Organoids used regenerative medicine research.

Report year	Cellular input	Organoids	Transplant site	Results
2014	Mouse small intestinal stem cells	Small intestinal epithelial organoids	Mouse colon	Reconstitute self-renewing epithelial and show unique features of the small intestines Fukuda et al. (2014)
2016	Human primary bronchial epithelial cells + peripheral cells	Airway organoids	Kidney capsule of NSG mice	Self-organize and mature toward lung tissue-like structures; remarkable epithelial plasticity Tan et al. (2017)
2017	Mouse- and human-induced fetal intestinal progenitor cells	Spherical and budding intestinal organoids	Injured colonic tissues	Reconstitute colonic and intestinal epithelia Miura and Suzuki (2017)
2017	Human primary cholangiocyte	Extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids	Surgical defect in mouse gallbladder wall	Colonize physiological niche and regenerate part of the biliary tree Sampaziotis et al. (2017)
2017	Mouse newborn dermal cells and adult epidermal cells	Skin organoids	Mouse full-thickness skin wound	Well-formed reconstituted skin with robust hair growth; cyclic regeneration Lei et al. (2017)
2017	Human pluripotent stem cells	Intestinal organoids	Mouse injured intestinal mucosa	Organoid survival, engraftment, and wound repair Cruz-Acuña et al. (2017)
2018	Human and primary murine hepatocytes	Hepatocyte organoids	Mouse damaged mouse liver	Recapitulate the proliferative damage-response and demonstrate significant graft expansion Hu et al. (2018)
2018	Human colonic stem cell	Colon organoids	Mouse colon	Reconstruction of the human colon epithelium and multi-differentiation capacity Sugimoto et al. (2018)
2019	Human islet cells and amniotic epithelial cells	Islet organoids	Kidney capsule of diabetic mice	Viable and functional islet organoids; diabetes reversal Lebreton et al. (2019)
2019	Mouse sweat gland epithelial cells	Sweat gland organoids	Mouse back wound and claw pad with sweat gland injury	Regeneration of epidermis and sweat glands Diao et al. (2019)
2019	Human mesenteric lymph nodes and primary stromal progenitors	Synthetic lymphoid organoids	Site of resected mouse lymph nodes	Restore lymphatic drainage and perfusion and support the activation of antigen-specific immune responses Lenti et al. (2019)