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. 2021 Nov 16;9:716604. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716604

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Copyright © 2021 Pratt, Forbes, Knox, Bernstein and Van Domselaar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Meta-omics techniques for studying the human gut microbiome. Microbial communities can be characterized based on their collective gene content (metataxonomics or metagenomics), gene transcripts (metatranscriptomics), protein pool (metaproteomics), or metabolite pool (metabolomics). Additionally, sequence data can be used to predict downstream expression of proteins or metabolites (dashed arrows). Abbreviations: WGS: Whole-genome sequencing; LC: Liquid chromatography; MS: Mass Spectrometry; GC: Gas chromatography; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.