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. 2021 Nov 16;9:749910. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.749910

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Copyright © 2021 Yao, Zhu, Han, Xu, Dai, Nie and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A,B) BMMs were plated in 96-well plates and stimulated with M-CSF (30 ng/ml) and different concentrations of Eno@MSN-D (0–160 μg/ml) for 48 or 96 h. Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay. (C) Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were treated with various concentrations of Eno@MSN-D (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μg/ml) followed by M-CSF and RANKL stimulation for 5 days. The cells were then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and subjected to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. (D,E) The number and spread area of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells were determined.