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. 2021 Nov 16;9:749910. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.749910

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Copyright © 2021 Yao, Zhu, Han, Xu, Dai, Nie and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) SEM images of biofilm on the surface of the titanium rod. (B) The live dead bacterial staining of the biofilm on the surface of the titanium rod was observed under an inverted microscope.