Table 1.
Cronbach’s alphas for dimensions and final item loadings in confirmatory factor analyses (CFA).
| Items and related dimensions | Loading |
|---|---|
| Dimensions concerning the children | |
| Appetitea (Cronbach’s alpha=0.85) | |
| app1. My child eats small quantities (even if the food is liked). | 0.77 |
| app2. My child is a small eater (whatever is served, bad or good). | 0.86 |
| app3. My child has a big appetite. (Reversed item) | 0.95 |
| Eating in the absence of hungere (Cronbach’s alpha=0.66) | |
| eah1. If my child is no longer hungry and I offer him something s/he particularly likes, s/he eats it.b | 0.65 |
| eah2. If my child is no longer hungry and I offer him something s/he particularly like, s/he takes them in order to have them later.b (Reversed item) | Removed |
| eah3. After s/he has finished his meal, if candies are available and I let him/her, s/he eats it.b | 0.71 |
| eah4. After s/he has finished his meal, if candies are available and I let him/her, s/he takes them in order to have them later.b (Reversed item) | Removed |
| eah5. If my child is no longer hungry and I offer him something s/he particularly likes… (Tick your answer)c | 0.69 |
| eah6. After s/he has finished his meal, if candies are available and I let him/her… (Tick your answer).d | 0.73 |
| Inhibitory controlf (Cronbach’s alpha=0.66) | |
| ic1. My child can easily stop an activity when s/he is told “no.” | 0.64 |
| ic2. My child can wait before entering into new activities if s/he is asked to. | 0.82 |
| ic3. My child has trouble sitting still when s/he is told to (at movies, etc.). (Reversed item) | 0.42 |
| ic4. My child is capable to follow instructions. | 0.61 |
| ic5. My child approaches places s/he has been told are dangerous slowly and cautiously. | 0.49 |
| Dimensions concerning the mothers | |
| Food as rewardb (Cronbach’s alpha=0.76) | |
| fr1. I offer my child his/her favorite foods in exchange for good behavior. | 0.84 |
| fr2. I withhold sweets/dessert from my child in response to bad behavior. | 0.72 |
| fr3. I offer sweets (candy, ice cream, cake, pastries) to my child as a reward for good behavior. | 0.85 |
| Restriction for weight controla (Cronbach’s alpha=0.75) | |
| restr.w1. I encourage my child to eat less so he/she will not get fat. | 0.76 |
| restr.w2. I give my child small helpings at meals to control his/her weight. | 0.85 |
| restr.w3. If my child eats more than usual at one meal, I try to restrict his/her eating at the next meal. | 0.71 |
| restr.w4. I restrict the food my child eats that might make him/her fat. | Removed |
| restr.w5. I have to be sure that my child does not eat too many high-fat foods. | Removed |
| restr.w6. There are certain foods my child should not eat because they will make him/her fat. | 0.72 |
| restr.w7. I do not allow my child to eat between meals because I do not want him/her to get fat. | Removed |
| restr.w8. I often put my child on a diet to control his/her weight. | 0.61 |
| Restriction for healtha (Cronbach’s alpha=0.71) | |
| restr.h1. I have to be sure that my child does not eat too many sweets (candy, ice cream, cake, or pastries). | Removed |
| restr.h2. If I did not guide or regulate my child’s eating, s/he would eat too much of his/her favorite foods. | 0.72 |
| restr.h3. I have to be sure that my child does not eat too much of his/her favorite foods. | 0.63 |
| restr.h4. If I did not guide or regulate my child’s eating, he/she would eat too many snacking foods type cookies, bars chips, sugary foods. | 0.80 |
Answer modalities: five-point scale ranging from (1) “Strongly disagree” to (5) “Strongly agree.”
Answer modalities: five-point scale ranging from (1) “Never” to (5) “Always.”
Answer modalities: (1) S/he does not want it, (2) S/he eats a few bites, just to taste it, (3) S/he eats it. Scores have been recoded to (1), (3), (5) to match the scores of items eah1-eah4 (five-point scale).
Answer modality: (1) S/he does not take any, (2) S/he takes one or two just to taste them, (3) S/he takes a lot. Scores have been recoded to (1), (3), (5) to match the scores of items eah1-eah4 (five-point scale).
Some original items of this dimension and their answer modalities (Monnery-Patris et al., 2019) were modified for this study, aiming to enable more precise answers. The two original items were: eah1: “If my child is no longer hungry and I offer him something s/he particularly likes… (Tick your answer)” with the answer options (1) S/he does not want it, (2) S/he asks if s/he can have it later, (3) S/he eats a few bites, just to taste it, (4) S/he eats it up.; eah2: “After s/he has finished his meal, if candies are available and I let him/her… (Tick your answer)” with the answer options (1) S/he does not take any, (2) S/he takes them in order to have them later, (3) S/he takes one our two just to taste it, (4) S/he takes a lot.
Answer modalities: seven-point scale ranging from (1) “Very untrue” to (5) “Very true.”