TABLE 8.
Antimicrobial resistance genes
| Antimicrobial | Antimicrobial resistance gene(s)a | References |
|---|---|---|
| Carbapenems | blaGES-5, blaGIM-1, blaIMP-1, -4, -6, -8, -28, -29, -34, blaKPC-2, -3, blaNDM-1, -4, -5, blaOXA-48, -181, blaVIM-1, -2, -4 | 32, 34, 96, 104, 106, 119–121, 124, 150, 156, 158, 166, 183, 190, 213, 241, 244, 281, 285–287, 296, 299–303, 305–332, 393–398, 403–416 |
| Other β-lactams | blaACC-1, blaACT-36, blaBEL-1, blaCARB-2, blaCMY-2, -4, -6, -31, blaCTX-M-2, -3, -8, -9, -15, blaDHA-1, blaFOX-3, -5, blaGES-1, blaLAP-2, blaOXA-1, -2, -4, -9, -10, blaSHV-2, -5, -11, -12, -46, blaTEM-1, -15, -30, blaVEB | 32, 34, 40, 96, 106, 119–121, 124, 150, 156, 166, 183, 281, 285–289, 292, 296–303, 309, 310, 316, 319, 322, 323, 337, 338, 354, 393, 397, 406, 411, 414, 415, 417–424 |
| Colistin | mcr-1, -9 | 335 – 338 |
| Aminoglycosides | aac(3)-I, -Ia, -Ib, -II, -IIa, -IId, -IIg, -IV, -IVa, aac(6′)-30, -Ib, -Ib3, -Ib-cr, -Ib-cr5, -II, -IIa, -IIc, aacA44, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aadA13, aadB, ant(2′′)-Ia, ant(3′′)-Ia, aph(3′)-Ia, -Ib, -Ic, -VI, -XV, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, armA, rmtC, sat2, strA, strB | 31, 32, 40, 96, 119, 150, 166, 169, 213, 244, 286, 287, 292, 296–300, 318–320, 323, 337, 338, 354, 393, 397, 406, 407, 418–420, 425 |
| Quinolones | oqxA, oqxB, qnrA1, qnrB1, qnrB2, qnrB4, qnrB6, qnrB19, qnrB32, qnrS1, qnrS2 | 31, 32, 34, 96, 119, 166, 169, 286, 287, 292, 296–298, 300, 306, 319, 323, 336–338, 388, 393, 397, 406, 413, 418, 425–430 |
| Fosfomycin | fosA3 | 34, 323, 337, 388, 393, 427 |
| Sulfonamides | sul1, sul2, sul3 | 32, 40, 96, 119, 166, 244, 286, 287, 292, 296–298, 300, 323, 337, 393, 397, 418–420 |
| Trimethoprim | dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA16, dfrA17, dfrA19, dfrB1, dfrII, dfrIIIc | 32, 96, 119, 156, 166, 169, 286, 292, 296, 297, 300, 319, 320, 323, 338, 393, 397, 418, 420 |
| Chloramphenicol | catA1, catA2, catB2, catB3, catB11, cmlA1 | 32, 34, 96, 119, 287, 292, 296–298, 300, 320, 323, 337, 338, 393, 397 |
| Rifampin | arr-3, arr-8 | 32, 156, 297, 298, 323, 337, 393 |
| Tetracyclines | tet(A), tet(B), tet(D) | 34, 96, 166, 287, 296–298, 323, 338, 393, 418 |
| Macrolides | ere(A), mph(A), mph(E), msr(E) | 96, 166, 292, 323, 337, 393, 397 |
a
All strains of the K. oxytoca complex also have intrinsic blaOXY genes.