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. 2021 Dec 1;16(12):e0259713. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259713

Table 1. Comparison of breach detection and enforcement.

Case 1: Static robot no occlusions
Metric CCTV-only Robot-only Robot-CCTV Hybrid
Number of breaches detected 20 10 30
Number of enforcements NA 10 30
Case 2: Static robot with 50% occlusion
Number of breaches detected 20 7 27
Number of enforcements NA 7 27
Case 3: Static robot with >50% occlusion
Number of breaches detected 20 3 23
Number of enforcements NA 3 23
Case 4: Lawnmower exploration with 50% occlusions
Number of breaches detected 20 20 40
Number of enforcements NA 20 40
Case 5: Lawnmower exploration with >50% occlusions
Number of breaches detected 20 20 40
Number of enforcements NA 20 40

Comparison of three configurations in terms of detecting breaches in social distancing norms when two pedestrians are static in any one of 40 points in a laboratory setting. We observe that CCTV+robot configuration has the most number of breaches detected even when the robot is static and outside the CCTV’s sensing range. When the robot is following lawnmower waypoints outside of the CCTV’s FOV, it can detect a breach in any of the 20 locations that could not be detected by the CCTV camera, even with high levels of occlusion.