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. 2021 Nov 17;8:742877. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.742877

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Copyright © 2021 van Dixhoorn, te Beest, Bolhuis, Parmentier, Kemp, van Mourik, Stockhofe-Zurwieden, van Reenen and Rebel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representative macroscopic (A) and histologic (B–E) lung lesions caused by coinfection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. (B) Absence of histological alterations; healthy lungs in non-infected animals. (C) Diffuse severe alterations (interstitial or catarrhal pneumonia, infiltrations in alveolar septa and peribronchial or perivascular area, pleuritis). (D) Close-up of (mild) infiltrations of perivascular and peribronchial area. (E) Diffuse severe alterations (interstitial or catarrhal pneumonia, infiltrations in alveolar septa and peribronchial or perivascular area, pleuritis).