Table 4.
Characteristics of participants categorized by BP status in the cross-sectional cohort study (n = 2,210).
| Characteristics | All | Normotensive | Hypertensive | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects | 2,210 | 1,764 | 446 | – |
| Age (years) | 42.7 (40.0–45.0) | 42.6 (40.0–45.0) | 43.3 (41.0–45.0) | 0.002 |
| Gender (M/F) | 1,197/1,013 | 874/890 | 323/123 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1(21.9–26.0) | 23.3 (21.5–25.3) | 25.7 (23.7–27.7) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.0 (112.0–130.8) | 117.7 (110.0–125.3) | 142.3 (133.9–153.0) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.7 (69.0–83.7) | 73.7 (67.3–79.3) | 90.7 (85.7–96.7) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 73.0 (66.0–80.0) | 72.5 (66.0–79.0) | 75.0 (69.0–83.0) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption (n, %) | 629 (28.5) | 454 (25.7) | 175 (39.2) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking (n, %) | 929 (42.0) | 674 (38.2) | 255 (57.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 95 (4.3) | 63 (3.6) | 32 (7.2) | 0.001 |
| FH of hypertension (n, %) | 1146 (51.9) | 851 (48.2) | 295 (66.1) | <0.001 |
| Education level (n, %) | 0.762 | |||
| Primary school or less | 119 (5.4) | 97 (5.5) | 22 (4.9) | |
| Middle school | 1406 (63.7) | 1120 (63.6) | 286 (64.1) | |
| High school | 482(21.8) | 380 (21.6) | 102 (22.9) | |
| College or more | 201 (9.1) | 165 (9.4) | 36 (8.1) | |
| Marital status (n, %) | 0.073 | |||
| Married | 2099 (95.0) | 1679 (95.2) | 420 (94.2) | |
| Divorced | 81 (3.7) | 66 (3.7) | 15 (3.4) | |
| Unmarried or Other | 30 (1.4) | 19 (1.1) | 11 (2.5) | |
| Level of physical activity (n, %) | 0.669 | |||
| Almost no | 903 (40.9) | 720(41.8) | 183 (41.0) | |
| Light | 1166 (52.8) | 930 (52.7) | 236 (52.9) | |
| Moderate | 90 (4.1) | 70 (4.0) | 20 (4.5) | |
| Heavy | 51 (2.3) | 44 (2.5) | 7 (1.6) | |
| Serum uric acid (μmol/L) | 277.9 (225.2–333.1) | 269.3 (218.6–319.5) | 322.2 (264.9–372.1) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.56 (4.27–4.90) | 4.53 (4.24–4.85) | 4.73 (4.38–5.11) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 18.0 (13.0–27.0) | 18.0 (13.0–25.0) | 23.0 (16.0–32.0) | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 16.0 (13.0–20.0) | 16.0 (13.0–20.0) | 18.0 (14.0–23.0) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.51 (4.05–5.00) | 4.49 (4.02–4.97) | 4.61 (4.19–5.15) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.32 (0.95–1.93) | 1.25 (0.91–1.80) | 1.66(1.19–2.35) | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.49 (2.13–2.90) | 2.48(2.11–2.86) | 2.54 (2.23–2.99) | 0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.15 (0.99–1.34) | 1.17 (1.00–1.36) | 1.08 (0.96–1.24) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 75.874.5 (66.6–86.2) | 74.5 (65.7–84.9) | 81.7 (71.4–89.5) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 85.4 (72.6–100.2) | 87.4 (73.9–101.6) | 78.1 (69.4–91.8) | <0.001 |
| Urine albuinin/creatinine (mg/g) | 8.70(5.63–15.21) | 8.04 (5.31–13.14) | 13.72 (7.65–31.02) | <0.001 |
BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FH, Family history; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Non-normally distributed variables are expressed as the median (interquartile range). All other values are expressed as mean ± SD or n, %.